Genotoxic effects and mitosis aberrations of chromium (VI) on root cells of Vicia faba and its molecular docking analysis.

Like other heavy metals, Cr (VI) is a powerful carcinogen and mutagen agent. Its toxic effects on plants are well considered. In order to elucidate its adverse effects, the present work aims to study the mitosis aberrations of Cr (VI) on the Vicia faba root-cells and its molecular docking analysis to understand the genotoxicity mechanisms. In-vivo, Vicia faba plants were exposed to 50 and 100 µM Cr (VI) for 48 h. In-silico, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were used to study the interactions between dichromate and tubulin tyrosine ligase T2R-TTL (PDBID: 5XIW) with reference to Colchicine (microtubule inhibitor). According to our results, Cr (VI) affects growth and cell division and also induces many mitosis aberrations such as chromosome sticking, anaphase/telophase bridges, lagging chromosomes and fragmentation during all phases of mitosis. On the one hand, Cr (VI) reduces mitotic index and promotes micronuclei induction. The in-silico results showed that dichromate establishes very strong bonds at the binding site of the tubulin tyrosine ligase T2R-TTL, with a binding affinity of -5.17 Kcal/Mol and an inhibition constant of 163.59 µM. These interactions are similar to those of colchicine with this protein, so dichromate could be a very potent inhibitor of this protein's activity. TTL plays a fundamental role in the tyrosination/detyrosination of tubulin, which is crucial to the regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Its inhibition leads to the appearance of many morphogenic abnormalities such as mitosis aberrations. In conclusion, our data confirm the highest genotoxicity effects of Cr (VI) on Vicia faba root-cells.

In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Aqueous Extract of Cistus ladanifer L. From Morocco.

This study is designed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract (AE) of Cistus ladanifer L. leaves in experimental animal models. The central analgesic activity of C. ladanifer AE is studied using hot plate method in rats, and the acute anti-Inflammatory activity of C. ladanifer is investigated by rats paw edema induced by subplantar injection of 0.5% carrageenan into the right hind paw. Rats are pretreated with AE of C. ladanifer at different doses (150, 175, and 200 mg/kg, i.p.). The tramadol and indomethacin are used as reference drugs for analgesic and anti-inflammatory studies, respectively. Our results show that the AE of C. ladanifer exhibited anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects dose dependent. In anti-inflammatory activity, the AE of C. ladanifer at all doses reduced significantly the edema paw inflammation after carrageenan injection. Furthermore at 200 mg/kg, the effect of AE is highly important than that of other doses. In addition, the same AE demonstrates significant analgesic effect in thermal-induced pain model. So, this activity is proved by significant reduction of pain score after administration of AE at all doses. The nociception protection effects in this case are, respectively, 70.3%, 74.55%, and 93.33% after administration of AE of C. ladanifer at doses 150, 175, and 200 mg/kg b.w. The results of our findings suggest that AE of C. ladanifer has potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities with evidence of possible involvement of peripheral and central effects in its actions.

[Primary pharmacological screening of an endemic plant from the Southern Morocco (Tetraena gaetula [Emb. & Maire] Beier & Thulin)]. / Criblage pharmacologique primaire d'une plante endémique originaire du Sud Marocain (Tetraena gaetula [Emb. & Maire] Beier & Thulin).

Tetraena gaetula (Emb. & Maire) Beier & Thulin (Zygophyllum gaetulum Emb. & Maire, Zygophyllaceae) is an endemic plant from the southern Morocco. This plant is widely used in Moroccan traditional medicine as an antispasmodic and antidiabetic. Our work aims to evaluate several pharmacological properties of extracts of T. gaetula such pro- or antiproliferative, immunomodulatory, analgesic and antidepressant effects. Initially, we studied intraperitoneally the acute toxicity of aqueous extract of T. gaetula in mice; the lethal dose 50 is 1.2 g/kg of body weight. Our results also showed a stimulating proliferative activity of T. gaetula, particularly at 6 µg/µL of the proteic extract on T lymphocytes. However, this same concentration of proteic extract induced rather cytotoxicity on B cells and macrophages. Our ex vivo results showed a dose-dependent response: (i) stimulation of lymphocyte subpopulations and monocytes in a dose 600 mg/kg, and (ii) immunosuppression at a dose 300 mg/kg. The pharmacological results in vivo showed a pronounced antidepressant effect of the proteic extract at all doses. However, the aqueous extract showed analgesic and anti-depressant effects, mainly at doses 300 and 600 mg/kg.